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A fluctuating current was injected via the somatic patch-clamp pipette to mimic random background synaptic activity (see Methods). An extracellular electrode was used to elicit excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). ({{\bf b}}) Average somatic EPSPs recorded in this neuron in response to four different stimulus intensities. ({{\bf c}}) Sample voltage recording (1s) showing the response to the background current (black trace) and to the strongest extracellular stimulus (red input in {{\bf b}}) activated together with the background input (red trace). The vertical red tics show the times of extracellular stimulus activation; the longer tics depict the cases in which the input EPSP was followed by a time-locked output spike. ({{\bf d}}) The corresponding cross-correlograms (black - background alone; colors - corresponding inputs in (b) were activated together with the background input). ({{\bf e}}) SIE is plotted as a function of the average somatic EPSP amplitude for the 6 different cells (each cell is represented by a different symbol and color). A Sigmoid function (black line) was used for the fit. The arrow marks the result for the case depicted in red in {{\bf b}}-{{\bf d}}}}}{112}} \newlabel{fig:ExperimentalSIE1}{{3}{112}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Histology}{113}} \citation{Segev2000} \citation{Stuart1994} \citation{Hoffman97} \citation{Magee98} \citation{Abbott2000} \citation{Ziv1996} \citation{Engert1999} \citation{Theunissen1991} \citation{Rieke1997} \citation{Gabbiani1996} \citation{Manwani1999} \citation{Schultz2001} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Summary and Discussion}{114}} \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \citation{Magee2000} \citation{Bialek2000b} \bibstyle{apalike} \bibdata{Refs} \bibcite{Abbott2000}{{1}{2000}{{Abbott and Nelson}}{{}}} \bibcite{Abbott1997}{{2}{1997}{{Abbott et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Abeles_Lass75}{{3}{1975}{{Abeles and Lass}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bialek2000b}{{4}{2001}{{{Ag\"era y Arcas} et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Allen1994}{{5}{1994}{{Allen and Stevens}}{{}}} \bibcite{Ash1967}{{6}{1967}{{Ash}}{{}}} \bibcite{Barlow1980}{{7}{1980}{{Barlow}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bear1994}{{8}{1994}{{Bear and Malenka}}{{}}} \bibcite{Berger2001}{{9}{2001}{{Berger et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bernander1991}{{10}{1991}{{Bernander et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bi1998}{{11}{1998}{{Bi and Poo}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bialek1987}{{12}{1987}{{Bialek}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bialek2001}{{13}{2001}{{Bialek}}{{}}} \bibcite{BorgGraham2000}{{14}{2000}{{Borg-Graham}}{{}}} \bibcite{BorgGraham1998}{{15}{1998}{{Borg-Graham et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bower1995}{{16}{1995}{{Bower and Beeman}}{{}}} \bibcite{Cash1998}{{17}{1998}{{Cash and Yuste}}{{}}} \bibcite{Coombs1956}{{18}{1956}{{Coombs et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Copeland1996}{{19}{1996}{{Copeland}}{{}}} \bibcite{Cover1991}{{20}{1991}{{Cover and Thomas}}{{}}} \bibcite{Cowan2000}{{21}{2000}{{Cowan et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{deNo47}{{22}{1947}{{De~No}}{{}}} \bibcite{DeFelice81}{{23}{1981}{{DeFelice}}{{}}} \bibcite{DeFelice75}{{24}{1975}{{DeFelice et~al.}}{{}}} 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