\relax \citation{Sherrington1897} \citation{Tsodyks1997} \citation{Abbott1997} \citation{Manwani2001} \citation{Markram1997} \citation{Gil1999} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{BorgGraham1998} \citation{Destexhe1999} \citation{London2001} \citation{Fetz1983} \citation{Abeles1991} \citation{Hebb1949} \citation{Hoppfield1982} \citation{Yamada1993} \citation{Rieke1997} \citation{Borst1999} \citation{Manwani2001} \citation{Willems1995} \citation{Contreras1997} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Contreras1997} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Pinsky1994} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Segev2000} \citation{Larkum1999} \citation{Stuart2001} \citation{Fetz1983} \citation{Stratford1989} \citation{Nicoll1993} \citation{Carnevale1982} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces }}{93}} \newlabel{fig:motivation}{{1}{92}} \citation{Fetz1983} \citation{Abeles1991} \citation{Oertel1983} \citation{Abeles1991} \citation{Bernander1994a} \citation{Murthy1994} \citation{Cover1991} \citation{Rieke1997} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces }}{95}} \newlabel{fig:potentiation}{{2}{94}} \citation{Liao1995} \citation{Cook1999} \citation{Rall1967a} \citation{Nicoll1993} \citation{Iansek1973a} \citation{Stratford1989} \citation{Abeles1991} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces \baselineskip 11pt\relax { \relax \fontsize {10}{12}\selectfont \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ plus2\p@ minus5\p@ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus3\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ plus3\p@ minus3\p@ \def \leftmargin \leftmargini \parsep 4.5\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ \topsep 9\p@ plus3\p@ minus5\p@ \itemsep 4.5\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ {\leftmargin \leftmargini \topsep 6\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \parsep 3\p@ plus2\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep \parsep }\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \fontfamily {cmss}\baselineskip 11pt\relax \selectfont {\bf \fontfamily {cmss}\baselineskip 11pt\relax \selectfont Effect of EPSP shape indices on $SIE$.} ({\bf a}) $SIE$ as a function of the EPSP time-to-peak, with fixed EPSP peak. Four peak values for the input EPSP were considered (peak values at right). Inset at top shows two representative EPSPs, both with $2.4\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}mV$ peaks and a time-to-peak of $1\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$ and $10\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$, respectively (scale bar $10\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$, $2\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}mV$). EPSPs were simulated by an ``alpha-function'' (see {\bf Methods}). Arrows at bottom mark $SIE$ for these representative EPSPs. ({\bf b}). As in ({\bf a}) but the input synapse injects a fixed charge (see Methods). Inset depicts two EPSPs, both with input charge of $0.1\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}nC$ and a time-to-peak of $1\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$ and $10\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$, respectively. ({\bf c}) and ({\bf d}). Input EPSP (top frames, same EPSPs as in insets of ({\bf a}) and ({\bf b})) and the corresponding raster plot (middle), and cross-correlation (CC, bottom). In the raster plots, for every input spike (aligned at time zero), the output spikes in the following $30\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$ time-window are plotted. Plots are sorted such that cases with at least $1$ output spike in the time-window considered appear in the lower part. Spikes preceding the input spikes where omitted for clarity. Horizontal dashed line shows the number of time-windows containing spikes that are expected by chance. (Computed by sampling the $200 s$ long output spike train randomly in $30 \tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$ bins, and multiplying the proportion of windows containing at least $1$ spike by the total number of input spikes). The CC (lower frames) is computed between the input spike train and the output spike-train (open area), as well as between one ``background'' spike train and the output spike train (filled area). Bin size of $1\tmspace +\thinmuskip {.1667em}ms$ was used. Same I\&F model as in Fig.\nobreakspace {}2\hbox {} was used.}}}{97}} \newlabel{fig:shape}{{3}{96}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces }}{99}} \newlabel{fig:context}{{4}{99}} \citation{Abeles1991} \citation{Engel1992} \citation{Rall1964} \citation{Iansek1973a} \citation{Rinzel1974} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{Hausser1997} \citation{BorgGraham1998} \citation{Destexhe1999} \citation{London2001} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{Mainen1996} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{London2001} \citation{DeSchutter1998} \citation{Destexhe1999} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces }}{102}} \newlabel{fig:cable}{{3}{101}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces }}{103}} \newlabel{fig:nonlinear}{{6}{101}} \citation{Larkum1999} \citation{Reinagel1999} \citation{Fetz1983} \citation{Fricker2001} \citation{Magee2000} \citation{London2001} \citation{Nicoll1993} \citation{Reyes2001} \citation{Cook1999} \citation{Magee1999} \citation{DeSchutter1998} \citation{Destexhe1999} \citation{Bernander1991} \citation{Larkum1999} \citation{Stuart2001} \citation{Hines1997} \newlabel{eq:PSP}{{1}{106}} \citation{London2001Thesis} \citation{Treves1995} \citation{Strong1997} \citation{Schultz2001} \citation{Wyner94} \citation{Cover1991} \citation{Willems1995} \newlabel{eq:midef}{{2}{107}} \bibstyle{apalike} \bibdata{Refs} \bibcite{Abbott1997}{{1}{1997}{{Abbott et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Abeles1991}{{2}{1991}{{Abeles}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bernander1991}{{3}{1991}{{Bernander et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Bernander1994a}{{4}{1994}{{Bernander and Koch}}{{}}} \bibcite{BorgGraham1998}{{5}{1998}{{Borg-Graham et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Borst1999}{{6}{1999}{{Borst and Theunissen}}{{}}} \bibcite{Carnevale1982}{{7}{1982}{{Carnevale and Johnston}}{{}}} \bibcite{Contreras1997}{{8}{1997}{{Contreras et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Cook1999}{{9}{1999}{{Cook and Johnston}}{{}}} \bibcite{Cover1991}{{10}{1991}{{Cover and Thomas}}{{}}} \bibcite{DeSchutter1998}{{11}{1998}{{De~Schutter}}{{}}} \bibcite{Destexhe1999}{{12}{1999}{{Destexhe and Pare}}{{}}} \bibcite{Engel1992}{{13}{1992}{{Engel et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Fetz1983}{{14}{1983}{{Fetz and Gustafsson}}{{}}} \bibcite{Fricker2001}{{15}{2001}{{Fricker and Miles}}{{}}} \bibcite{Gil1999}{{16}{1999}{{Gil et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Hausser1997}{{17}{1997}{{Hausser and Clark}}{{}}} \bibcite{Hebb1949}{{18}{1949}{{Hebb}}{{}}} \bibcite{Hines1997}{{19}{1997}{{Hines and Carnevale}}{{}}} \bibcite{Hoppfield1982}{{20}{1982}{{Hoppfield}}{{}}} \bibcite{Iansek1973a}{{21}{1973}{{Iansek and Redman}}{{}}} \bibcite{Larkum1999}{{22}{1999}{{Larkum et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Liao1995}{{23}{1995}{{Liao et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{London2001Thesis}{{24}{2001}{{London}}{{}}} \bibcite{London2001}{{25}{2001}{{London and Segev}}{{}}} \bibcite{Magee1999}{{26}{1999}{{Magee}}{{}}} \bibcite{Magee2000}{{27}{2000}{{Magee and Cook}}{{}}} \bibcite{Mainen1996}{{28}{1996}{{Mainen and Sejnowski}}{{}}} \bibcite{Manwani2001}{{29}{2001}{{Manwani and Koch}}{{}}} \bibcite{Markram1997}{{30}{1997}{{Markram et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Murthy1994}{{31}{1994}{{Murthy and Fetz}}{{}}} \bibcite{Nicoll1993}{{32}{1993}{{Nicoll et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Oertel1983}{{33}{1983}{{Oertel}}{{}}} \bibcite{Pinsky1994}{{34}{1994}{{Pinsky and Rinzel}}{{}}} \bibcite{Rall1964}{{35}{1964}{{Rall}}{{}}} \bibcite{Rall1967a}{{36}{1967}{{Rall}}{{}}} \bibcite{Reinagel1999}{{37}{1999}{{Reinagel et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Reyes2001}{{38}{2001}{{Reyes}}{{}}} \bibcite{Rieke1997}{{39}{1997}{{Rieke et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Rinzel1974}{{40}{1974}{{Rinzel and Rall}}{{}}} \bibcite{Schultz2001}{{41}{2001}{{Schultz and Panzeri}}{{}}} \bibcite{Segev2000}{{42}{2000}{{Segev and London}}{{}}} \bibcite{Sherrington1897}{{43}{1897}{{Sherrington}}{{}}} \bibcite{Stratford1989}{{44}{1989}{{Stratford et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Strong1997}{{45}{1997}{{Strong et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Stuart2001}{{46}{2001}{{Stuart and Hausser}}{{}}} \bibcite{Treves1995}{{47}{1995}{{Treves and Panzeri}}{{}}} \bibcite{Tsodyks1997}{{48}{1997}{{Tsodyks and Markram}}{{}}} \bibcite{Willems1995}{{49}{1995}{{Willems et~al.}}{{}}} \bibcite{Wyner94}{{50}{1994}{{Wyner}}{{}}} \bibcite{Yamada1993}{{51}{1993}{{Yamada et~al.}}{{}}}